www.BibleSermonsMP3.org – I Timothy 1: [17] Now unto the King Eternal, Immortal, Invisible, the only Wise God, be Honor and Glory for ever and ever. Amen. ***** Take time to learn about the One Being of Immortality who is the Creator, whose Existence is Everlasting; Who Has all Power, Knowledge, Wisdom and who is the Almighty; the pantokratór; the παντοκράτωρ; Who has control over all things in this ~5% Binary Matter Universe, with its’ 2 trillion galaxies, created almost 14 billion years ago and in the ~68% Dark Energy and ~27% Dark Matter Universe, which has existed in infinity; in which the One Being visually abides.

The general focus of this website is to provide Biblical, Astronomical, Geological and Meteorological; including Middle East Political events, related to the Islamic Caliphate that are forthcoming; with information about the Great Tribulation Period from the 7 Trumpets and 7 Vials of the Book of Revelation and the Parousia of the Lord Jesus Christ.

There is sufficient study material on this website to serve as a guide towards understanding the Truthful Teaching of the Biblical Antichrist and his Islamic Caliphate in the Middle East Region; the Great Tribulation Period; the Seven Trumpets and Vials of the Book of Revelation; the 45+/- Days of the Wrath of God; the Rapture of the True Christian Believers, a.k.a. the Catching Out; the Parousia of the Lord Jesus Christ; and finally, some general information about the beginning of the Millennial Reign.

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Here are some interesting Videos about the Economy. This is important, as the economy worsens, this will cause the rise of the Biblical Antichrist in the Middle East Region and eventually the Mark, Name and Number of the Beast, 666; which will basically be a means of identification, mostly used in the Islamic Caliphate Empire for the food rations program.

01. Mark, Name and Number of the Biblical Antichrist

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01. Gravitas: US stocks lose $7 trillion in 2022; May 13, 2022

02. Gravitas Plus: a Debt Storm is Coming; May 14, 2022

03……

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It would do us all some good, to increase our Truth and Wisdom:

01. Truth

02. Wisdom

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All of the Sermons are on both Websites:

01. 02 Sermons on BibleSermonsMP3.org

02. 03 Sermons on BibleSermonsMP3.com

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01.Video Link. Mount Edgecumbe Volcano; Apr 14, 2022

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A Big Solar Storm may be coming in 2022:

01.Video Link. Big Solar Storm Coming Soon? Mar 7, 2022

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Coronal Mass Ejections from the Sun. I believe eventually, these charged particles will hit the Earth in the Future; that will be so intense, they will penetrate through an opening in the Magnetic Shield, as it will be at a weaken state; then upon striking the Earth, will cause the three Earthquakes, with the 3rd being the Greatest Earthquake in Human History, as is mentioned in the Book of Revelation.

Page on Website: 01C Geomagnetic Storms

Page on Website: 01C Solar Activity

Page on Website: Cosmic Lightning

01.Video Link. Sun Erupts at Earth; Mar 10, 2022

02.Video Link. Solar Eruption; Mar 11, 2022

03.Video Link. Solar Flare; Mar 12, 2022

04.Video Link. CME Impact; Mar 13, 2022

05.Video Link. CME Impact; Mar 14, 2022

06.Video Link. Many Solar Flares; Mar 28, 2022

07.Video Link. 7 Solar Flares; Mar 29, 2022

08.Video Link. Solar Storm Approaching; Mar 30, 2022

09.Video Link. X Class Solar Flare & CME; Mar 30, 2022

10.Video Link. Strong Geomagnetic Storm in Progress; Apr 10, 2022

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There are a few verses in the Book of Revelation that have the word: lightning in the text.

It is possible, this Cosmic Lightning could occur and cause Earthquakes, which in turn cause Volcanic Eruptions, which have Volcanic Lightning!!!

Here are the Verses in Revelation. It starts with the Seven Trumpets and Ends with the Seven Vials of the Wrath of God.

1. Revelation 8:5: and there were voices, and thunderings, and lightnings, and an earthquake.

2. Revelation 11:19: and there were lightnings, and voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail.

3. Revelation 16:18 & 21: And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great. [21] And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail; for the plague thereof was exceeding great.

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Here is a brief statement of what I a referring to, with regards to Cosmic Lightning: “For an hour on March 13^th, a big crack opened in Earth’s magnetic field – one of the biggest in years (For specialists: BsubZ less than -20 nT),” Dr. Tony Phillips of SpaceWeather.com noted.³“Solar wind poured through the gap, adding its energy to that of the CME which struck earlier in the day. This increases the chances that high-latitude auroras may remain visible at least through the early hours of March 14^th.” What Dr. Phillips described took place from 21:33 to 22:36 UTC. From: Watchers.News/2022/03/13/CME Hits Earth

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Awesome Video; be sure to take time to Watch it…!!!

01.Video Link. Asteroid Impacts; Mar 8, 2022

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Zechariah 14:16: And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the LORD of Hosts, and to keep the Feast of Tabernacles.

19. https://biblehub.com/parallel/zechariah/14-16.htm
20. https://biblehub.com/parallel/zechariah/14-17.htm

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Here are some more Earthquake Links in the Saudi Arabia area. You can clearly see the Earthquakes in the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea.

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At the very End of the Great Tribulation Period, perhaps during the last few days of the Wrath of God and therefore, perhaps just a few days before the Parousia or Second Coming of the Lord Jesus Christ in bodily presence; will be the Volcanic Burning of Rome, Italy and in particular the Vatican City. Here are some pages related to that topic and some Videos to give you an idea of the Volcanic Burning of the Vatican City.

01. Volcanic Burning of Rome, Italy

02. Volcanic Burning of the Vatican City

03. Volcanic Burning of the Vatican City in Revelation

04. Mount Etna Volcano Eruption Feb 12, 2022

05. Etna – Mar 19, 2021

06. Etna – Feb 11, 2022

07. Etna volcano Nov 2013

08. VolcanoDiscoveryVideos

09.

10…

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Earthquakes and Volcanoes in Italy. The country of Italy is above a Subduction Zone. During the very last part of the Great Tribulation Period, there will be a time period known as the Wrath of God. It will consist of the 7 Vials of the Book of Revelation. The very last Vial will bring about the complete destruction of the Vatican City in Rome, Italy. The Greatest Earthquake in the History of Humanity will occur in the Jordan River Valley, causing a Flood Basalt Plain. This Great Earthquake will set in motion all of the Tectonic Plates of the Earth and maybe even create new micro-tectonic plates; likewise it will cause the Tectonic Plate – Subduction Zone below Rome, Italy to become active and the Volcanoes surrounding Rome, Italy will actually burn the Vatican City into ashes. The land will then subside into Hades and the Mediterranean Sea water will inflow through the Tiber River, into the void; where Rome and the Vatican City once existed. This event will take place about 3 1/2 years after the ancient Assyrian Islamic Antichrist invades Israel. It will then only be a few days before the Lord Jesus Christ returns as the Parousia through the Massive Volcanic Ash Cloud that will be created surrounding the entire earth, from the Volcanic Eruptions created during the Great Tribulation Period.

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Here are some Excellent Videos on a Weekly basis about Volcanic Eruptions. I want to leave and add weekly links on the Home Page, because the primary factor in the Great Tribulation Period will be Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Volcanic Eruptions. When the Lord Jesus Christ returns to the earth at the Second Advent, as the Parousia, it will be through a Massive Volcanic Ash Cloud that will encircle the entire planet. Therefore, when this Volcanic Ash Cloud begins to build and finally develops, then the world can have assurance, the Lord Jesus Christ is actually arriving soon.

01. This Week in Volcanoes; Oct 31, 2021
02. This Week in Volcanoes; Nov 7, 2021
03. This Week in Volcanoes; Nov 14, 2021
04. This Week in Volcanoes; Nov 21, 2021
05. This Week in Volcanoes; Nov 28, 2021
06. This Week in Volcanoes; Dec 5, 2021
07. This Week in Volcanoes; Dec 12, 2021
08. This Week in Volcanoes; Dec 19, 2021
09. This Week in Volcanoes; Dec 26, 2021
10. Volcano News Year in Review; Dec 31, 2021
11. This Week in Volcanoes; Jan 2, 2022
12. This Week in Volcanoes; Jan 9, 2022
13. This Week in Volcanoes; Jan 16, 2022
14. This Week in Volcanoes; Jan 23, 2022
15. This Week in Volcanoes; Jan 30, 2022
16. This Week in Volcanoes; Feb 6, 2022
17. This Week in Volcanoes; Feb 13, 2022
18. This Week in Volcanoes; Feb 20, 2022
19. This Week in Volcanoes; Feb 27, 2022
20. This Week in Volcanoes; Mar 6, 2022
21. This Week in Volcanoes; Mar 13, 2022
22. This Week in Volcanoes; Mar 20, 2022
23. This Week in Volcanoes; Mar 27, 2022
24. This Week in Volcanoes; Apr 3, 2022
25. This Week in Volcanoes; Apr 10, 2022
26. This Week in Volcanoes; Apr 17, 2022
27. This Week in Volcanoes; Apr 24, 2022
28. This Week in Volcanoes; May 1, 2022
29. This Week in Volcanoes; May 8, 2022
30. This Week in Volcanoes; May 15, 2022
31.
32.
33.
34.
35………

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The Decade Volcanoes are 16 volcanoes identified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI) as being worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to populated areas. They are named Decade Volcanoes because the project was initiated as part of the United Nations-sponsored International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (the 1990s). The 16 current Decade Volcanoes are:

Avachinsky–Koryaksky (grouped together), Kamchatka, Russia
Nevado de Colima, Jalisco and Colima, Mexico
Mount Etna, Sicily, Italy
Galeras, Nariño, Colombia
Mauna Loa, Hawaii, US
Mount Merapi, Central Java, Indonesia
Mount Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mount Rainier, Washington, US

Sakurajima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
Santa Maria/Santiaguito, Guatemala
Santorini, Cyclades, Greece
Taal Volcano, Luzon, Philippines
Teide, Canary Islands, Spain
Ulawun, New Britain, Papua New Guinea
Mount Unzen, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan
Vesuvius, Naples, Italy

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Here is a YouTube site for Videos of some Earthquake and Volcano updates:

01. https://www.youtube.com/user/chave1981

02. https://www.youtube.com/user/chave1981/videos

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As more End Time events begin to occur and when you see Islam attack Israel and the battle rages for about 75 days +/-; with Jerusalem falling into the control of Islam, including the land from Dan to Beersheba and the Biblical Antichrist from ancient Assyria establishes an Islamic Caliphate in the Middle East; when this invasion occurs, the Arabs will kill 2/3’s of the Jewish population in Israel according to Biblical Prophecy, which will currently amount to about 4,619,000 Jews; a Great Earthquake will split the Mount of Olives and allow perhaps most of the Jews in Jerusalem to escape to the Negev Wilderness; with an original ten Arab nations; with Cairo, Egypt as his capital; according to the Book of Daniel and the Book of Revelation; then we will know there are about 3 1/2 years of the Great Tribulation Period with Cosmic Lightning, Great Earthquakes, Massive Volcanic Eruptions and Tsunamis, including a Comet hitting the earth; then the 7th Trumpet will sound; then there will be about a 45 day +/- Wrath of God upon the earth with Catastrophic Volcanic Lava Flows; then the Parousia event will take place; afterwards, the Millennial Reign will begin.

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The great majority of the almost 8 billion people, do not know what is going to happen during the Great Tribulation Period and for certain during the Wrath of God at the very end of this time period. When I mention such a thing as: Catastrophic Volcanic Lava Flows; I am referring to “Volcanic Flood Basalts”.

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For people who will be living and trying to survive during this short time period: Here is a video that clearly shows what will be your future.

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01.Video Link: Volcanic Fire

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Here are a few links regarding “Volcanic Flood Basalts”.

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01. The Volcano which Flooded Oregon with Lava; Jan 29, 2022
01a. Apolaki Caldera; Mar 4, 2022
01b. The Flood of Lava Which Covered Nortern Canada; Mar 14, 2022
02. Volcano
03. Deccan Traps
04. Flood Basalt
05. Volcanic Plateau
06. Lava Field
07. Chilcotin Group
08. Columbia River Basalt Group
09. Ethiopia-Yemen Continental Flood Basalts
10. North Atlantic Igneous Province
11. Deccan Traps
12. Caribbean large igneous province
13. Kerguelen Plateau
14. Ontong-Java Plateau
15. High Arctic Large Igneous Province
16. Paraná and Etendeka Traps
17. Karoo and Ferrar Provinces
18. Central Atlantic Magmatic Province
19. Siberian Traps
20. Emeishan Traps
21. Vilyuy Traps
22. Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen
23. Arabian-Nubian Shield
24. Mackenzie Large Igneous Province
25. Flood Basalts
26. Flood Basalts Images
27. Flood Basalt from Britannica
28.
29.
30.…

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Here is a photo giving a general idea; as an example of what the Wrath of God time period might look like; which will be about the last 45 days of the overall 3 1/2 years of the Great Tribulation Period:

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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hadean.png Hello, I am Tim Bertelink. My wikipedia username is Triangulum.

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I realize most people of the world have no idea; nor any interest in such a topic as is presented throughout this website. Nevertheless, at least I’m trying to fulfill an assignment from the Lord in my life to work on some websites to at least provide some information about what entails this time period; as to be a help to the viewers, if any; as to what are the Great Tribulation Period events.

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The following are Links and some info from: https://en.wikipedia.org
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Large basaltic provinces (LBPs). This subcategory includes most of the provinces included in the original LIP classifications. It is composed of continental flood basalts, oceanic flood basalts, and diffuse provinces.

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Continental flood basalts.

Ethiopia-Yemen Continental Flood Basalts
Columbia River Basalt Group
Deccan Traps (India)
Coppermine River Group (Canadian Shield)
Midcontinent Rift System, Great Lakes Region, North America
Paraná and Etendeka traps (Brazil–NE Namibia)
Brazilian Highlands
Río de la Plata Craton (Uruguay)
Karoo-Ferrar (South Africa–Antarctica)
Siberian Traps (Russia)
Emeishan Traps (western China)
Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (eastern United States and Canada, northern South America, northwest Africa)
North Atlantic Igneous Province (includes basalts in Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Scotland, and Faroes)
High Arctic Large Igneous Province

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Oceanic flood basalts/ oceanic plateaus:
Azores Plateau (Atlantic Ocean)
Wrangellia Terrane (Alaska and Canada)
Caribbean large igneous province (Caribbean Sea)
Kerguelen Plateau (Indian Ocean)
Iceland Plateau (Atlantic Ocean)
Ontong Java Plateau, Manihiki Plateau and Hikurangi Plateau (southwest Pacific Ocean)
Jameson Land

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Toba Catastrophe 70,000 to 75,000 years ago
The 1628–1626 BC climate disturbances, usually attributed to the Minoan Eruption of Santorini
The Hekla 3 eruption of about 1200 BC.
The Hatepe eruption (sometimes referred to as the Taupō eruption), around AD 180.
Extreme weather events of 535–536 have been linked to the effects of a volcanic eruption, possibly at Krakatoa, or Ilopango in El Salvador.
The Heaven Lake eruption of Paektu Mountain, in 969 (± 20 years).
The 1257 Samalas eruption of Mount Rinjani in 1257.
An eruption of Kuwae, a Pacific volcano.
An eruption of Huaynaputina, caused 1601 to be the coldest year in the Northern Hemisphere for six centuries; 1601 consisted of a bitterly cold winter, a cold frosty nonexistent spring, and a cool cloudy wet summer.
An eruption of Laki, was responsible for up to hundreds of thousands of fatalities throughout the Northern Hemisphere (over 25,000 in England alone), and one of the coldest winters ever recorded in North America.
The 1883 Eruption of Krakatoa caused average Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures to fall by as much as 1.2 °C (2.2 °F). One of the wettest rainy seasons in recorded history followed in California during 1883–84.
The eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 led to odd weather patterns and temporary cooling in the United States, particularly in the mid-west and parts of the Northeast. Every month in 1992 except for January and February was colder than normal. More rain than normal fell across the West Coast of the United States, particularly California, during the 1991–92 and 1992–93 rainy seasons. The American Midwest experienced more rain and major flooding during the spring and summer of 1993.

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Earthquake and Volcanoes are the two major events in the Great Tribulation Period. Eventually, there will be so many Volcanic Eruptions that there will become a Volcanic Ash Cloud the will Encircle the entire planet earth. It will be this cloud that the Parousia will appear in, upon the Return of the Lord Jesus Christ at the Second Advent.For more information, check out this study:

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01. The Lord will Return through a Volcanic Ash Cloud

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During the Great Tribulation Period, primarily during the last part; of the about 45 days of the Wrath of God, there will literally be thousands of Volcanic Eruptions in the Oceans and across the Landmass of the Earth. Most people of the world have no idea of what is about to occur upon the earth!!!

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Video Links.

SkyWatch Media News: Volcanic Eruptions May ‘Escalate’ Into Global Catastrophe; Oct 31, 2021

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SkyWatch Media News: Coronal Mass Ejection and Volcanic Eruptions; Nov 8, 2021

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Anomalous Hole Opens in the Earth’s Atmosphere Above the North Pole Dec 7, 2021

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Earth’s Protective Field is Tilting, pushing the Magnetic Poles towards the Equator Dec 22, 2021

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Massive Volcanic Plume Spreads Across the World and Half Way Into Space; Jan 28, 2022

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Extreme Solar ‘Tsunami’ Found Deep Inside the Earth Raises Superstorm Fears; Feb 5, 2022

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Volcanic Eruptions Soaring Worldwide-Krakatoa and Etna Explode; Feb 13, 2022

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Sun is Erupting Non Stop, and More Gigantic Flares are Incoming-NEW Volcanic Warnings; Feb 27, 2022

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Record Shattering Heat Anomaly at the Earth’s Poles; Mar 26, 2022

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Make for certain you are part of a Scriptural Local New Testament Assembly/Church. You would not want to appear before the Lord, unless you are united with such an assembly (if such an opportunity was available to you, as such would be a great Spiritual advantage); at least you might not get a rebuke from the Lord, as to why you did not think enough of your Savior to spend time Learning about Him, Singing Hymns to Him and offering up Thanksgiving and Praise to Him.

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There is enough information on this website to provide you en-depth details of the time frame of the Great Tribulation Period; the “Catching Out a.k.a. the Rapture of the True Christian Believers”; the Second Coming and the beginning of the Millennial Reign.

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I encourage you be Saved by Grace through Faith, be Baptized correctly; by immersion and unite with a Scriptural Local New Testament Assembly/Church as soon as possible in order to learn as much about the Lord Jesus Christ in a very short time. Nevertheless, when you see these events occurring; then at least I’ve tried to share this information with you the viewers and hope you will understand; you will for certain only have a short amount of time before the actual and truthful “Time of the End – the End of this Age of Grace” has finally come and the “Second Coming will be approaching”. With reference to being part of a Scriptural Local Assembly/Local Church: {some how/some place/some where; if the opportunity is available to you. The masses of almost 8 billion people will never have this chance, but if you do; then take advantage of this time and place in life, while you still have “time on earth”; with the intentions of Learning the Word of God and nothing else!!! Don’t just play church or religion; let the Spirit of the Lord use the Word of God to change your way of thinking from so much Earth thoughts to more Spiritual Kingdom thoughts.}

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Don’t keep delaying or you will be making a very serious mistake.

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Sermons:

01. The Book of Remembrance. Part 1….339
02. The Book of Remembrance. Part 2…..350
03. Study: The Book of Remembrance
04. The Judgment Seat of Christ. Part 1……249
05. The Judgment Seat of Christ. Part 2……250
06. The Judgment Seat of Christ. Part 3…….251
07. The Judgment Seat of Christ. Part 4…….252
08. The Heavenly Mount Zion…..1999
09. The Life We Live……2000
10. Here is a Good Sermon…..1182
11……

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April 10, 2022: I am in the process of renaming and removing some of the clutter on most of the pages on all of my websites. I’ve changed Hosting Services several times, so some of the Links from the Internet to some pages are no longer working. I’ve renamed and deleted pages, so their Links that are still throughout the Internet are not current either; but most will redirect to the Home page. I’ve upgraded to a Dedicated Server for one year: 1/23; so I can accomplish this tack more efficiently; as the pages will load quicker during my working on them, as well as to you the viewer. I’m doing this for viewers like you; with the intentions of being a helpful ministry to anyone who might have the opportunity to find this website. Hopefully, it will improve the readability of the pages and the overall scope of the site.

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There is so much more in the Universe, than the events that happen on Earth.

01. The LARGEST Galaxy In the Universe – Alcyoneus; Feb 25, 2022

02. Is Alcyoneus Really the Largest Galaxy?; Mar 13, 2022

03. The LARGEST Galaxy In The Universe – IC 1101; Dec 30, 2021

04. The MOST Terrifying Object In the Universe; Nov 23, 2021

05. 10 INSANE Space Discoveries; April 20, 2021

06. Mysterious Structure at the Edge of the Universe; Nov 17, 2021

07…..

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The flowing links are from: MagneticReversal.org

Official data from NASA, NOAA, the ESA, and similarly reputable organizations.

1.) The South Pole has already left Antarctica and the North Pole is racing across the Arctic Ocean.

2.) “Earth’s Magnetic Poles are getting ready to flip.” -Mission Manager, SWARM/ESA

3.) The Magnetic Field began Weakening in 1600.

4.) The Magnetic Field Weakened 10% from the 1800s to 2000.

5.) Earth’s Magnetic Field was Weakening 5% per Century, but now is Weakening 5% per Decade.

6.) The Magnetic Field is continuing to Weaken Rapidly.

7.) Magnetic Reversals can occur in less than 100 years.

8.) This was recently Confirmed by the #1 geophysics journal.

9.) Magnetic Reversals may cause Biblical Floods.

10.) 2003 BBC Magnetism Article: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3359555.stm

11.) 2008 NASA Magnetic Breach: http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/16dec_giantbreach/

12.) 2011 ESA Magnetism Article: Click Here

13.) Magnetic Field Animation: http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/igrf/anime/index.html

14.) 2008 Kyoto Pole Shift Animation: http://geomag.org/info/Declination/magnetic_lines.avi

15.) 2010 Kyoto Pole Shift Visual: http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/poles/figs/pole_ns.gif

16.) Magnetic Field Links: http://phys.org/news/2014-06-video-magnetic-field.html#inlRlv

17.) – http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/199/2/1110

18.) – http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2014/10/14/earths-magnetic-field-could-flip-within-a-human-lifetime/

19.) – http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/earth-s-impending-magnetic-flip/

20.) – http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141014170841.htm

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There is a old saying: “Become aware of your surroundings.” There is coming a time on a certain day in the future; when Islam will actually attack Israel in a mass ground military movement. This will be the beginning of the last 1,335 days of the Age of Grace. When this happens, be sure you start to make some Spiritual decisions and don’t keep putting it off or it will be to late! The Coming of the Lord is not a complicated teaching. It’s really a simple concept of putting the Scriptures together, if you guided by the Spirit of God. The vast majority of the almost 8 billion people on earth; including the virtually all the World Governmental and Religious Leaders are totally ignorant of the simplicity of this Biblical Teaching and will all be caught unaware. If you don’t believe me, just wait and see!!!

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Matthew 24: [22] And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved: but for the elect’s sake those days shall be shortened. [29] Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken: [36] But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only. [37] But as the days of Noe were, so shall also the coming of the Son of Man be. [38] For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, [50] The lord of that servant shall come in a day when he looketh not for him, and in an hour that he is not aware of,

Matthew 25: [13] Watch therefore, for ye know neither the day nor the hour wherein the Son of Man cometh.

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Mark 13: [19] For in those days shall be affliction, such as was not from the beginning of the creation which God created unto this time, neither shall be. [20] And except that the Lord had shortened those days, no flesh should be saved: but for the elect’s sake, whom he hath chosen, he hath shortened the days. [24] But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, [32] But of that day and that hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels which are in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father.

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Luke 17: [27] They did eat, they drank, they married wives, they were given in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, and the flood came, and destroyed them all. [28] Likewise also as it was in the days of Lot; they did eat, they drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they builded; [29] But the same day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed them all. [30] Even thus shall it be in the day when the Son of Man is revealed. [31] In that day, he which shall be upon the housetop, and his stuff in the house, let him not come down to take it away: and he that is in the field, let him likewise not return back.

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Acts 2: [19] And I will show wonders in heaven above, and signs in the earth beneath; blood, and fire, and vapor of smoke: [20] The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before that great and notable day of the Lord come: [21] And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved.

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The Final 1335 Days Of The Age Of The Gentiles

The information in the first section of this page is from: www.TribulationPeriod.com

Event 1 – Israel is attacked 1335 days before the end of the Tribulation Period.

Event 2 – Some 30 days later the two witnesses begin their testimony in Israel when Jerusalem falls.

Event 3 – Some 45 days later the IDF is driven south to Beersheba and the United Nations brokers a truce or hudna is agreed to by Islam and Israel.

Event 4 – Israel remains surrounded in the Negev Wilderness for some 1260 days after the truce agreement.

Event 5 – Some 45 days before the end of the Age of the Gentiles the two witnesses will be killed by the Antichrist after having testified for 42 months (1260 days). The Antichrist will declare himself to be God on the Temple Mount – This is the abomination “that maketh desolate.”

Event 6 – Three and one half days later three events occur in rapid succession. They all three occur on the same day.

#1 – The two witnesses ascend up to heaven through the clouds.

#2 – A great earthquake occurs in the same hour the two witnesses depart.

#3 – The last trump (7th) Trump sounds and all of the saved are caught up.

Event 7 – All of the saved are judged in heaven while the seven vials of God’s wrath are poured out on unbelievers.

Event 8 – Christ returns with all the saved some 1335 days after the initial attack of Islamic forces against Israel.

SUMMARY

Israel will be attacked to start the last 1335 days of Israel’s Travail
Jerusalem will fall 30 days after the initial attack
The two witnesses will testify for 1260 days after the fall of Jerusalem
A truce or hudna will be declared at Beersheba 45 days after Jerusalem falls
Israel will remain in the Negev for 1260 days after the truce or hudna
Antichrist will kill the two witnesses and declare himself to be God on the Temple Mount making himself the “abomination that maketh desolate.”
Three and one-half days later three events occur in rapid succession on the same day: (1) The two witnesses ascend into heaven, (2) A great earthquake occurs, and (3) The seventh trump sounds and all the saved are caught up, including the sealed 144,000.

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Here are a few verses that I have made into a composite, from using 17 different English Translations and various Hebrew and Greek Lexicons, including 3 different Greek New Testament Texts.

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A composite of the Hebrew words for Joel 2:30: And I will show a token, a sign and wonder in the visible arch of the sky where the clouds move and throughout all the earth, in the fields, in the country, in the wilderness and it will have the appearance of blood, along with a burning, hot flaming fire, with columns of cloudy dust, smoke and vapor.

A composite of the Hebrew words for Joel 2:31: The brilliant sun, from the rising of the sun in the east to the sun rays in the arch ways of the sky, will be changed into darkness, as if it were night and the moon will take on the appearance of blood before the great and noble, fearful and terrible day in which Jehovah, the self-Existing One, the Eternal Lord shall come.

A composite of the Greek words for Acts 2:19: And I will bring forth a rare event so extraordinary, it will inspire wonder, for it will be in the elevated area of the sky and a token of these events, will be throughout the entire regions under the surface of the soil, of all the land of the world, for it will be a visible wonder of flowing substance like blood, of flashes of lightening and fire, with a mist of smoke.

A composite of the Greek words for Acts 2:20: The rising of the sun in the east and the rays of daily light will become as an outlining shadow and the bright shining moon, will appear to be a blood red color, before that mighty and visible day in which the One in supreme authority will come.

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Website Links about Earthquake, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes.

The following links will help you become aware of the impending Great Tribulation Period, the Wrath of God and the beginning of the Millennial Reign. The vast majority of humanity has no concept of these events. At least you will be able to better understand what is occurring, when you see these events begin to happen.

During the Great Tribulation and more so, during the last portion of this time period, known as the Wrath of God, there will literally be a massive number of Volcanic Eruptions surrounding the surface of the Earth.

Here are some additional links that will help you understand how GOD will use the Earth by way of Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Tsunamis, a Comet and other natural cycles to bring about the Great Tribulation Period, including the Wrath of GOD:

Type in the words, Super Volcano in an Internet Search or Image Section, and/or click on these four links:

Click on the following link, to understand how the “volcanic ash clouds” will encircle the earth and will produce a single massive dust cloud:

Ash Cloud Images

Click on this link to learn about the “sea and the waves being in a roaring vibration.”:

Tsunamis & Earthquakes

Type in the word: Volcano in the image section of an Internet Search or click this link:

Volcano Images

Type in the words: Submarine Volcano or click this link:

Submarine Volcano

Check out these two links on Seafloor Spreading for Volcanic Eruptions in the Oceans of the world:

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Deepest oceanic trenches

Recent measurements, where the salinity and temperature of the water was measured throughout the dive, have uncertainties of about 15 m (49 ft).^[43] Older measurements may be off by hundreds of meters.

Trench	Ocean	Lowest Point	Maximum Depth	Source
Mariana Trench	Pacific Ocean	Challenger Deep	10,920 m (35,830 ft)	^[43]
Tonga Trench	Pacific Ocean	Horizon Deep	10,820 m (35,500 ft)	^[43]
Philippine Trench	Pacific Ocean	Emden Deep	10,540 m (34,580 ft)	^[44]
Kuril–Kamchatka Trench	Pacific Ocean		10,542 m (34,587 ft)	^[44]
Kermadec Trench	Pacific Ocean		10,047 m (32,963 ft)	^[44]
Izu–Bonin Trench (Izu–Ogasawara Trench)	Pacific Ocean		9,810 m (32,190 ft)	^[44]
New Britain Trench	Pacific Ocean (Solomon Sea)	Planet Deep	9,140 m (29,990 ft)	^[45]
Puerto Rico Trench	Atlantic Ocean	Brownson Deep	8,380 m (27,490 ft)	^[43]
South Sandwich Trench	Atlantic Ocean	Meteor Deep	8,265 m (27,116 ft)	^[43]
Peru–Chile Trench or Atacama Trench	Pacific Ocean	Richards Deep	8,055 m (26,427 ft)	^[44]
Japan Trench	Pacific Ocean		8,412 m (27,598 ft)	^[44]

Notable oceanic trenches

Trench	Location
Aleutian Trench	South of the Aleutian Islands, west of Alaska
Bougainville Trench	South of New Guinea
Cayman Trench	Western Caribbean
Cedros Trench (inactive)	Pacific coast of Baja California
Hikurangi Trench	East of New Zealand
Hjort Trench	Southwest of New Zealand
Izu–Ogasawara Trench	Near Izu and Bonin islands
Japan Trench	East of Japan
Kermadec Trench *	Northeast of New Zealand
Kuril–Kamchatka Trench *	Near Kuril islands
Manila Trench	West of Luzon, Philippines
Mariana Trench *	Western Pacific Ocean; east of Mariana Islands
Middle America Trench	Eastern Pacific Ocean; off coast of Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica
New Hebrides Trench	West of Vanuatu (New Hebrides Islands).
Peru–Chile Trench	Eastern Pacific Ocean; off coast of Peru & Chile
Philippine Trench *	East of the Philippines
Puerto Rico Trench	Boundary of Caribbean and Atlantic ocean
Puysegur trench	Southwest of New Zealand
Ryukyu Trench	Eastern edge of Japan’s Ryukyu Islands
South Sandwich Trench	East of the South Sandwich Islands
Sunda Trench	Curves from south of Java to west of Sumatra and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Tonga Trench *	Near Tonga
Yap Trench	Western Pacific Ocean; between Palau Islands and Mariana Trench

(*) The five deepest trenches in the world

Ancient oceanic trenches

Trench	Location
Intermontane Trench	Western North America; between the Intermontane Islands and North America
Insular Trench	Western North America; between the Insular Islands and the Intermontane Islands
Farallon Trench	Western North America
Tethyan Trench	South of Turkey, Iran, Tibet and Southeast Asia

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List of mid-ocean ridges

Aden Ridge – Part of an active oblique rift system in the Gulf of Aden, between Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula
Cocos Ridge
Explorer Ridge – Mid-ocean ridge west of British Columbia, Canada
Galapagos Spreading Center – an east-west trending mid-ocean ridge east of the eponymous islands between the Nazca and Cocos plates
Gorda Ridge – Tectonic spreading center off the northern coast of California and southern Oregon
Juan de Fuca Ridge – Divergent plate boundary off the coast of the Pacific Northwest region of North America
South American–Antarctic Ridge – Mid-ocean ridge in the South Atlantic between the South American Plate and the Antarctic Plate
Chile Rise
East Pacific Rise – A mid-oceanic ridge at a divergent tectonic plate boundary on the floor of the Pacific Ocean
Gakkel Ridge – Mid-oceanic ridge under the Arctic Ocean between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate(Mid-Arctic Ridge)
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge – Tectonic plate boundary in the South Pacific Ocean
Central Indian Ridge – A north-south-trending mid-ocean ridge in the western Indian Ocean
- Carlsberg Ridge – Tectonic plate ridge
Southeast Indian Ridge – Mid-ocean ridge in the southern Indian Ocean
Southwest Indian Ridge – A mid-ocean ridge on the bed of the south-west Indian Ocean and south-east Atlantic Ocean
Mid-Atlantic Ridge – Atlantic Ocean tectonic plate boundary
- Kolbeinsey Ridge – Segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge north of Iceland in the Arctic Ocean
- Mohns Ridge
- Knipovich Ridge (between Greenland and Spitsbergen)
- Reykjanes Ridge (south of Iceland)

List of ancient oceanic ridges

Aegir Ridge – Extinct mid-ocean ridge in the far-northern Atlantic Ocean
Alpha Ridge – Major volcanic ridge under the Arctic Ocean
Kula-Farallon Ridge – Ancient mid-ocean ridge
Mid-Labrador Ridge – Ancient mid-ocean ridge that existed between the North American and Greenland plates in the Labrador Sea during the Paleogene period
Pacific-Farallon Ridge – Spreading ridge during the Late Cretaceous
Pacific-Kula Ridge – Mid-ocean ridge between the Pacific and Kula plates in the Pacific Ocean during the Paleogene period
Phoenix Ridge

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Afar Triangle – Geological depression caused by the Afar Triple Junction
Geography of Iceland – Geographical features of Iceland
List of oceanic landforms
Ocean chemistry
Oceanic crust
Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor
Project FAMOUS – first manned submersible study of the rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
RISE project – discovery of black smokers hydrothermal systems on the East Pacific Rise
Slab window – Type of gap in a subducted oceanic plate
Submarine volcano – Underwater vents or fissures in the Earth’s surface from which magma can erupt
Vine-Matthews-Morely hypothesis; explains relation of marine magnetic anomalies to seafloor spreading.

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For the destruction of the ships in port. Click on this link:

Tsunami

Type in the word: Tsunamis in the image section of an Internet Search or click this link:

Tsunamis Images

Type in the word: Comet in the image section of an Internet Search or click this link:

Comet

Check out these links for information about the Oort Cloud and the Kuiper Belt This is the location of trillions of comets. Eventually, one of them will hit the earth!!! It might be a “Super Comet.” Just type the words: Super Comet in the search section on the Internet and you should find some information.

Type in the words: Ash Cloud in the image section of an Internet Search or click this link:

Ash Cloud Images

Type in the words: Earth’s Interior in the image section of an Internet Search or click this link for information about the bottomless pit:

Earth’s Interior

Type in the words: Volcano Eruption in the image section of an Internet Search or click this link:

Volcano Eruption

Type in the words: Volcano Vent and/or Volcano Crater in the image section of an Internet Search or click these four links:

Type in the words: Volcano Lightning in the image section of an Internet Search or click these three links:

For a better understanding of the word “hail, as mentioned in Revelation 8:7; 11:15-19 and 16:17-21, just do some research on the words: Volcanic Bomb.

Type in the words: Volcanic Bomb in an Internet Search Section or click this link:

Volcanic Bomb

Type in the words: Volcanic Bomb in the image section of an Internet Search or click this link:

Volcanic Bomb Images

Type in the words: Plate Tectonics in the image section of an Internet Search or click this link:

Plate Tectonics

Type in the words: Plate Boundaries in the image section of an Internet Search or click this link:

Plate Boundaries

Here are two additional useful links:

Click on these links:

Type in the words: Volcano Lava in the image section of an Internet Search or click this link:

Volcano Lava

This link is for Volcanoes of the World:

List of Volcanoes

This link is for Volcanoes of the United States:

List of Volcanoes

This next section deals with the Destruction of Rome, Italy and the Vatican City.

You can also type the following words in an Internet Search Section and/or in the Image Section: Italy Volcanoes, Monte Albano, Colli Albani Hills, Alban Hills Volcano, Tiber River.

Please click on this link about the Alban Hills Volcano near Rome, Italy.

Please type in the following words in an Internet Search or Image Section: Italy Subduction Zone or click the following two links:

The links below, will provide information about the future destruction of the “Vatican City,” in Rome, Italy. The Alban Hills volcano complex may or may not be the volcano complex which God will use to destroy the “Vatican City.”

But it is certainly worth considering… There are other volcanoes in the area, as the whole country is above a Subduction Zone.

You may not want to accept this concept, but it will happen. The Bible clearly teaches this fact. It Will Happen… Again, It Will Happen… It’s just a matter of time.

Just remember, when the Arab Antichrist invades Israel, then The Great Tribulation Period will begin and 3 1/2 years later, will be the Destruction of Rome, Italy and the end of the Vatican City…forever…

The “Lord Jesus Christ” will not let this religious system remain active when He begins His 1,000 year Reign on this earth, as He returns immediately after it’s destruction…

Please check out these links. They will provide you with information as to the method of the destruction used against the City of Rome and primarily for the single purpose of destroying the religious system in the Vatican City.

Type in the words: Red Tide or Dinoflagellates in the Web section of an Internet Search or click on the following five links:

Type in the words: Volcano Eruption Ozone Hole in the image section of an Internet Search for information about the destruction of the Ozone Layer from Volcanic Eruptions or click this link:

Volcanic Eruption Ozone Hole

Destroy them which destroy the earth. (To bring to ruin) them which (morally corrupt) the earth. Revelation 11:18b.

God will use the “blood like-substance” or the “blood of the earth” to put an end to the gross immorality of humanity… When the great earthquakes really begin to happen, the surface of the earth will crack open and the “burning hot magma” from the interior of the earth will literally “burn” humanity from off the surface of the earth… God will use the earth to bring about the fulfillment of His Biblical Prophecies…

A Blood-Like Substance Arises From Under The Earth In The Jordan River Valley Outside The City Of Jerusalem

And the angel thrust with intense violence, his gathering hook and sickle for harvesting, into the earth and gathered the vine and vintage of the earth and cast and threw it into the great trough, wine-vat and winepress of the fierce indignation and wrath of Deity; the very exceeding great God. And the great trough, wine-vat and winepress was trodden without the city and a blood-like substance came out of the winepress, even up to the horse bridle-bits, by the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs.

(1,600 furlongs times, 606.75 Greek feet, divided by 5,280 English feet, equals 183.86 miles). Revelation 14:19-20.

Type in the words: Volcano Lava in the image section of an Internet Search or click this link:

Volcano Lava

What about the “the sea and the waves roaring;”? Can we find any insight as to what the Lord was talking about?

Check out these links for information about: “the sea and the waves roaring.”

And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness and the first begotten of the dead and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us and washed us from our sins in his own blood and hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen. Behold,he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him and they also which pierced him: and all kindred’s of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is and which was and which is to come, the Almighty. Revelation 1:5-8.

Check out these links for information about Volcanic Ash Clouds.

And the seventh angel sounded; and there were great voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord and of his Christ;and he shall reign forever and ever. And the four and twenty elders, which sat before God on their seats, fell upon their faces and worshipped God, Saying, We give thee thanks, O Lord God Almighty, which art, and wast, and art to come; because thou hast taken to thee thy great power and hast reigned. And the nations were angry and thy wrath is come and the time of the dead, that they should be judged and that thou shouldest give rewards unto thy servants the prophets and to the saints and them that fear thy name, small and great; and shouldest destroy them, which destroy the earth. And the temple of God was opened in heaven and there was seen in his temple the ark of his testament; and there were lightnings and voices and thunderings and an earthquake and great hail. Revelation11:15-19.

Check out these links for information about Volcanic Lightning and Volcanic Hail.

The Seventh Vial of Wrath

The seventh vial of wrath ends the Tribulation Period. When the last 45 days of the Wrath of God is completed, there would have been great worldwide earthquakes, massive volcanic eruptions, with towering ash clouds, volcanic lightning and volcanic bombs of melting rock. These submarine earthquakes and volcanoes will produce catastrophic tsunamis waves along the coastal areas, resulting in a displacement of the geographical location of all the islands and mountains on this earth. Every inch of landmass on the entire surface of the earth will have a new geographical position. God will judge the people of the world with fire from under the earth’s crust.

And the seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and there came a great voice out of the temple of heaven, from the throne, saying, It is done. And there were voices and thunders and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake, such as not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake and so great. And the city was divided into three parts and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath. And every island fled away and the mountains were not found. And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail; for the plague thereof was exceeding great. Revelation 16:17-21.

Check out these links for information on how God will use the earth to bring about the Great Tribulation Period. God will cause the tectonic plate movement to produce earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, bring an end to the present state of humanity. It will be the End of the World as we know it, in our life time.

Check out these two links below, to understand “Lightning Fire”.

This “Lightning Fire” is from Volcanic Eruptions…

It will be occurring all along the tectonic plate boundaries of the earth…

The “plague of the hail” will be the volcanic bombs, thrown out from the erupting volcanoes…

Revelation 8: [13] And I beheld, and heard an angel flying through the midst of heaven, saying with a loud voice, Woe, woe, woe, to the inhabiters of the earth by reason of the other voices of the trumpet of the three angels, which are yet to sound!

Check out these links for the words “Bottomless Pit.”:

Check out these links for information about what these demons look like:

Pazuzu
Pazuzu – Image

To better answer how to answer this question, we should learn something about the structure of the land in the area of the Euphrates River. The following links will help towards understanding how God will use earthquakes, to break up the land in the Middle East, to divert the Euphrates River.

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Aseismic creep
Fault scarp – Small step or offset on the ground surface where one side of a fault has moved vertically with respect to the other
Fault block – Large blocks of rock created by tectonic and localized stresses in Earth’s crust
Mitigation of seismic motion
Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains
Orogeny – The formation of mountain ranges
Paleostress inversion
Seismic hazard – Probability that an earthquake will occur in a given geographic area, within a given window of time
Striation – Groove, created by a geological process, on the surface of a rock or a mineral
Vertical displacement – Vertical movement of Earth’s crust

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Check out these images for the location of the Euphrates River. Notice it’s headwaters, then how it flows southeast. During the Great Tribulation Period, the earthquakes will cause it to be diverted southwest into the Jordan River.

The land of Syria has many earthquake faults and a massive earthquake will collapse the Palmyride folds, which will allow the Euphrates River to flow southwest towards Israel.

Check out these links for information about the Palmyride Folds:

These geological changes will begin, when the Antichrist or the Islamic leader of the ten Arab confederation of nations attack the nation of Israel.

When the Euphrates River, the Jordan River and Ezekiel’s spring combine their water sources, in addition to hundreds, perhaps thousands of newly formed springs, along with the transformation of the southern end of the Dead Sea Fault Zone, the “New River” will be able to support an abundance of freshwater fish for the 1,000 years in which Israel will become the breadbasket of the world.

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The following lists of links can be useful, in helping a person to understand the structure of the Earth and how it is possible for Earthquake and Volcanoes to be the means of fulfillment of the Old Testament Scriptures, the Gospels, the Epistles and the Book of Revelation towards the Great Tribulation Period.

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They are from:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plate_interactions

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The East African Rift (Great Rift Valley) in eastern Africa
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge system separates the North American Plate and South American Plate in the west from the Eurasian Plate and African Plate in the east
The Gakkel Ridge is a slow spreading ridge located in the Arctic Ocean
The East Pacific Rise, extending from the South Pacific to the Gulf of California
The Baikal Rift Zone in eastern Russia
The Red Sea Rift
The Aden Ridge along the southern shore of the Arabian Peninsula
The Carlsberg Ridge in the eastern Indian Ocean
The Gorda Ridge off the northwest coast of North America
The Explorer Ridge off the northwest coast of North America
The Juan de Fuca Ridge off the northwest coast of North America
The Chile Rise off the southeast Pacific

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The oceanic Nazca Plate subducts beneath the continental South American Plate at the Peru–Chile Trench.
Just north of the Nazca Plate, the oceanic Cocos Plate subducts under the Caribbean Plate and forms the Middle America Trench.
The Cascadia subduction zone is where the oceanic Juan de Fuca, Gorda and Explorer Plates subduct under the continental North American plate.
The oceanic Pacific Plate subducts under the North American Plate (composed of both continental and oceanic sections) forming the Aleutian Trench.
The oceanic Pacific Plate subducts beneath the continental Okhotsk Plate at the Japan Trench.
The oceanic Philippine Sea Plate subducts beneath the Eurasian Plate at the Ryukyu Trench.
The oceanic Pacific Plate subducts under the oceanic Philippine Sea Plate forming the Mariana Trench.
The oceanic Philippine Sea Plate is subducting under the Philippine Mobile Belt forming the Philippine Trench and the East Luzon Trench.
The Eurasian Plate is subducting under the Philippine Mobile Belt at the Manila Trench.
The Sunda Plate is subducting under the Philippine Mobile Belt at the Negros Trench and the Cotobato Trench.
The oceanic Indo-Australian Plate is subducted beneath the continental Sunda Plate along the Sunda Trench.
The oceanic Pacific Plate is subducting under the Indo-Australian Plate north and east of New Zealand, but the direction of subduction reverses south of the Alpine Fault where the Indo-Australian Plate starts subducting under the Pacific Plate.
The South American Plate is subducting under the South Sandwich Plate, forming the South Sandwich Trench.

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The most dramatic orogenic belt on the planet is the one between the Indo-Australian Plate and African Plate on one side (to the South) and the Eurasian Plate on the other side (to the North). This belt runs from New Zealand in the East-SouthEast, through Indonesia, along the Himalayas, through the Middle East up to the Mediterranean in the West-Northwest. It is also called the “Tethyan” Zone, as it constitutes the zone along which the ancient Tethys Ocean was deformed and disappeared. The following mountain belts can be distinguished:
- The European Alps
- The Carpathians
- The Pyrenees
- The Apennines
- The Dinarides
- The North African mountain belts such as the Atlas Mountains
- The Karst Plateau of the Balkan Peninsula
- The Caucasus
- The Zagros
- The Himalayas
- The Indonesian Archipelago
- The Southern Alps of New Zealand
The Andes orogenic belt is the latest of a series of orogenies along the western margin of the South American Plate.

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The San Andreas Fault in California is an active transform boundary. The Pacific Plate (carrying the city of Los Angeles) is moving northwards with respect to the North American Plate.
The Queen Charlotte Fault on the Pacific Northwest coast of North America
The Motagua Fault, which crosses through Guatemala, is a transform boundary between the southern edge of the North American Plate and the northern edge of the Caribbean Plate.
New Zealand’s Alpine Fault is another active transform boundary.
The Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault which runs through the Jordan River Valley in the Middle East.
The Owen Fracture Zone along the southeastern boundary of the Arabian Plate.

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Triple junction – Meeting point of three tectonic plates.

The junction of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the East African Rift centered in the Afar Triangle (the Afar Triple Junction) is the only Ridge-Ridge-Ridge (R-R-R) triple junction above sea level.
The Rodrigues Triple Junction is a R-R-R triple junction in the southern Indian Ocean, where the African, the Indo-Australian and the Antarctic Plates meet.
The Galapagos Triple Junction is an R-R-R triple junction where the Nazca, the Cocos, and the Pacific Plates meet. The East Pacific Rise extends north and south from this junction and the Galapagos Rise goes to the east. This example is made more complex by the Galapagos Microplate which is a small separate plate on the rise just to the southeast of the triple junction.
Chiapas coast off Tapachula where Guatemala, North America and Pacific join and small earthquakes occur weekly. This is pushed eastward by the Cocos plate.
On the west coast of North America is another unstable triple junction offshore of Cape Mendocino. To the south, the San Andreas Fault, a strike-slip fault and transform plate boundary, separates the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. To the north lies the Cascadia subduction zone, where a section of the Juan de Fuca Plate called the Gorda Plate is being subducted under the North American Plate, forming a trench (T). Another transform fault, the Mendocino Fault (F), runs along the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Gorda Plate. Where the three intersect is the seismically active, F-F-T Mendocino Triple Junction.
The Amurian Plate, the Okhotsk Plate, and the Philippine Sea Plate meet in Japan near Mount Fuji. (see Mount Fuji’s Geology)
The Azores Triple Junction is a geologic triple junction where the boundaries of three tectonic plates intersect: the North American Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate.
The Boso Triple Junction offshore Japan is a T-T-T triple junction between the Okhotsk Plate, Pacific Plate and Philippine Sea Plate.
The North Sea is located at the extinct triple junction of three former continental plates of the Palaeozoic era: Avalonia, Laurentia and Baltica.
The South Greenland Triple Junction was an R-R-R triple junction where the Eurasian, Greenland and North American plates diverged during the Paleogene.
The Chile Triple Junction is where the South American Plate, the Nazca Plate, and the Antarctic Plate meet.

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Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin: tectonicus, from the Ancient Greek: τεκτονικός, lit. ‘pertaining to building’) is the generally accepted scientific theory that considers the Earth‘s lithosphere to comprise a number of large tectonic plates which have been slowly moving since about 3.4 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Plate tectonics came to be generally accepted by geoscientists after seafloor spreading was validated in the mid to late 1960s.

Earth’s lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken into seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary: convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries (or faults). The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 10 cm annually.

The collision between the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Plate that is forming the Himalayas.
The collision between the Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate that formed the Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana in New Zealand
Subduction of the northern part of the Pacific Plate and the NW North American Plate that is forming the Aleutian Islands.
Subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate to form the Andes.
Subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Australian Plate and Tonga Plate, forming the complex New Zealand to New Guinea subduction/transform boundaries.
Collision of the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate formed the Pontic Mountains in Turkey.
Subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Mariana Plate formed the Mariana Trench.
Subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate beneath the North American Plate to form the Cascade Range.

Seafloor spreading – Geological process at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge
Continental drift – Movement of Earth’s continents relative to each other
Subduction zone – A geological process at convergent tectonic plate boundaries where one plate moves under the other

Fracture zone – Linear feature on the ocean floor
Leaky transform fault – Transform fault producing new crust
List of tectonic plate interactions – Definitions and examples of the interactions between the relatively mobile sections of the lithosphere
Plate tectonics – Movement of Earth’s lithosphere
Strike-slip tectonics – Structure and processes associated with zones of lateral displacement in the Earth’s crust
Structural geology – Science of the description and interpretation of deformation in the Earth’s crust

Tectonic plates are composed of the oceanic lithosphere and the thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, the process of subduction, or one plate moving under another, carries the edge of the lower one down into the mantle; the area of material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total geoid surface area of the lithosphere remains constant. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories, since disproven, proposed gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.

Tectonic plates are able to move because Earth’s lithosphere has greater mechanical strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection; that is, the slow creeping motion of Earth’s solid mantle. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from spreading ridges due to variations in topography (the ridge is a topographic high) and density changes in the crust (density increases as newly-formed crust cools and moves away from the ridge). At subduction zones the relatively cold, dense oceanic crust is “pulled” or sinks down into the mantle over the downward convecting limb of a mantle cell. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.

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Asthenosphere – Highly viscous, mechanically weak and ductile region of Earth’s mantle
Aulacogen – Failed arm of a triple junction, an inactive rift zone
Back-arc basin – Submarine features associated with island arcs and subduction zones
Bimodal volcanism – Eruption of both mafic and felsic lavas from a single volcanic centre
Continent – Very large landmass identified by convention
Crust – The outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite
Epeirogenic movement – Upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding
Fault (geology) – Fracture or discontinuity in rock across which there has been displacement
- Fault mechanics – Field of study that investigates the behavior of geologic faults
- Active fault – Geological fault likely to be the source of an earthquake sometime in the future
Flux melting – The process by which the melting point is reduced by the admixture of a material known as a flux
Geodynamics – Study of dynamics of the Earth
Island arc – Arc-shaped archipelago formed by intense seismic activity of long chains of active volcanoes
Mantle – Layer inside a planet between core and crust
Mohorovičić discontinuity – Boundary between the Earth’s crust and the mantle
Mountain – Large landform that rises fairly steeply above the surrounding land over a limited area
Mid-ocean ridge, also known as Oceanic ridge – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
Oceanic trench – Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor
Paleoclimatology – Study of changes in ancient climate
Paleomap – Map of continents and mountain ranges in the past based on plate reconstructions
Seamount – Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water’s surface
Slab (geology) – The portion of a tectonic plate that is being subducted
Slab gap hypothesis – Explanation for several instances of crustal extension that occur inland near former subduction zones
Slab window – Type of gap in a subducted oceanic plate
Supercontinent – Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton
Terrane – Fragment of crust formed on one tectonic plate and accreted to another
Volcano – Rupture in the crust of a planet that allows lava, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface

Tectonic plate interactions

Tectonic plate interactions – Definitions and examples of the interactions between the relatively mobile sections of the lithosphere

Continental drift – Movement of Earth’s continents relative to each other
Convergent boundary – Region of active deformation between colliding tectonic plates
Divergent boundary – Linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
Extensional tectonics – Study of the structures formed by, and the processes associated with, the stretching of a planetary body’s crust
Isostasy – State of gravitational equilibrium between Earth’s crust and mantle
Leaky transform fault – Transform fault producing new crust
Mantle convection – Gradual movement of the planet’s mantle
Obduction – Overthrusting of oceanic lithosphere onto continental lithosphere at a convergent plate boundary
Orogeny – The formation of mountain ranges
Passive margin – Transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere that is not an active plate margin
Plume tectonics – Geophysical theory of movement of mantle plumes under tectonic plates
Ridge push – Proposed driving force for tectonic plate motion
Seafloor spreading – Geological process at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge
Strike-slip tectonics – Structure and processes associated with zones of lateral displacement in the Earth’s crust
Subduction – A geological process at convergent tectonic plate boundaries where one plate moves under the other
Tectonic uplift – Geologic uplift of Earth’s surface that is attributed to plate tectonics
Thrust tectonics – Study of the structures formed by, and the tectonic processes associated with, the shortening and thickening of the crust
Transform fault, also known as Transform boundary – Plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal
Triple junction – Meeting point of three tectonic plates

Back arc basins

Back-arc basin – Submarine features associated with island arcs and subduction zones

Continents

Continent – Very large landmass identified by convention

Africa – Continent
Antarctica – Continent
Asia – Continent
Australia (continent) – One of Earth’s seven main divisions of land
Europe – Continent
North America – Continent in the Northern Hemisphere
South America – Continent

Supercontinent – Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton

Eurasia – Combined landmasses of Europe and Asia

Paleocontinents

Paleocontinent – A distinct area of continental crust that existed as a major landmass in the geological past

Asiamerica – Large island that existed in the Late Cretaceous to Eocene epochs
Amazonian Craton – Geologic province in South America
Appalachia (Mesozoic)
Arctica – Ancient continent in the Neoarchean era
Armorican terrane – Microcontinent or group of continental fragments rifted away from Gondwana
Asiamerica – Large island that existed in the Late Cretaceous to Eocene epochs
Atlantica – Ancient continent formed during the Proterozoic about 2 billion years ago
Australia (continent) – One of Earth’s seven main divisions of land (Also known as Sahul)
Avalonia – Microcontinent in the Paleozoic era named for the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland
Baltica – Late-Proterozoic to early-Palaeozoic continent
Cathaysia – A microcontinent or group of terranes that rifted off Gondwana during the Late Paleozoic
Chilenia – Ancient microcontinent, containing central Chile and western Argentina
Chiloé Block – Ancient microcontinent or terrane that collided with the South American Plate during the Proterozoic
Cimmeria (continent) – Ancient string of microcontinents that rifted from Gondwana
Congo Craton – Precambrian craton that with four others makes up the modern continent of Africa
Chilenia – Ancient microcontinent, containing central Chile and western Argentina
Cuyania – Ancient microcontinent now part of Argentina
Laramidia – Island continent that existed until the Late Cretaceous period
Iberian Plate – Small tectonic plate now part of the Eurasian plate
Insular India – Isolated land mass which became the Indian subcontinent
Kalahari Craton – Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, that occupies large portions of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe
Kazakhstania – Geological region in Central Asia
Kerguelen Plateau – Oceanic plateau in the southern Indian Ocean
Laramidia – Island continent that existed until the Late Cretaceous period
Laurentia – A large continental craton that forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent
Mauritia (microcontinent) – A Precambrian microcontinent that broke away as India and Madagascar separated
North China Craton – Continental crustal block in northeast China, Inner Mongolia, the Yellow Sea, and North Korea
Pampia – Ancient microcontinent or terrane
Río de la Plata Craton – Medium-sized continental block in Uruguay, eastern Argentina and southern Brazil
São Francisco Craton – An ancient craton in the eastern part of South America with outcrops in Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil
Siberia (continent) – Ancient craton forming the Central Siberian Plateau
South China (continent)
Sunda (continent)
Supercontinent – Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton
- Columbia (supercontinent) – Ancient supercontinent of approximately 2,500 to 1,500 million years ago
- Euramerica
- Gondwana – Neoproterozoic to Cretaceous landmass
- Kenorland – Hypothetical Neoarchaean supercontinent from about 2.8 billion years ago
- Laurasia – Northern landmass that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent
- Nena (supercontinent) – Early Proterozoic supercontinent
- Pangaea – Supercontinent from the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic eras
- Pannotia – Hypothesized Neoproterozoic supercontinent from the end of the Precambrian
- Rodinia – Hypothetical Neoproterozoic supercontinent
- Ur (continent) – Proposed archaean supercontinent from about 3.1 billion years ago
- Vaalbara – Archaean supercontinent from about 3.6 to 2.7 billion years ago

Earthquakes

Earthquake – Shaking of the surface of the earth caused by a sudden release of energy in the crust

Blind thrust earthquake – Movement along a thrust fault that is not visible at the surface
Intraplate earthquake – Earthquake that occurs within the interior of a tectonic plate
Interplate earthquake – Earthquake that occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates
Megathrust earthquake – Type of earthquake that occurs at subduction zones at destructive convergent plate boundaries

Oceans

Ocean – Body of salt water covering the majority of Earth

Ancient oceans

List of ancient oceans – List of planet Earth’s former oceans

Adamastor Ocean – Precambrian “proto-Atlantic” ocean in the Southern Hemisphere
Boreal Sea – Mesozoic-era seaway that lay along the northern border of Laurasia
Bridge River Ocean – Ancient ocean between North America and the Insular Islands during the Mesozoic
Iapetus Ocean – Ocean that existed in the late Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic eras
Central American Seaway – Body of water that once separated North America from South America
Goianides Ocean – Ocean in South America in Neoproterozoic
Goiás Ocean
Hudson Seaway – Major seaway of North America during the Cretaceous Period
Iapetus Ocean – Ocean that existed in the late Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic eras
Khanty Ocean – Small Precambrian ocean between Baltica and the Siberian continent
Lapland-Kola Ocean
Mirovia – Hypothesized superocean surrounding the supercontinent Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic Era
Paleo-Tethys Ocean – Ocean on the margin of Gondwana between the Middle Cambrian and Late Triassic
Pan-African Ocean – Hypothesized paleo-ocean whose closure created the supercontinent of Pannotia
Pannonian Sea – Shallow ancient sea where the Pannonian Basin in Central Europe is today
Panthalassa – Prehistoric superocean that surrounded Pangaea
Paratethys – Large shallow sea that stretched from the region north of the Alps over Central Europe to the Aral Sea in Central Asia
Pharusian Ocean – Ancient ocean that existed from 800 to 635 million years ago
Piemont-Liguria Ocean – Former piece of oceanic crust that is seen as part of the Tethys Ocean
Poseidon Ocean – Supposed ocean that existed in the Mesoproterozoic period
Pre-Svecofennian Ocean
Proto-Tethys Ocean – Ancient ocean that existed from the latest Ediacaran to the Carboniferous
Rheic Ocean – Ancient ocean which separated two major palaeocontinents, Gondwana and Laurussia
Slide Mountain Ocean – An ancient ocean that existed between the Intermontane Islands and North America
Sundance Sea – Inland sea that existed in North America during the mid-to-late Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic Era
Tethys Ocean – Mesozoic ocean between Gondwana and Laurasia
Tornquist Sea – Sea between the palaeocontinents Avalonia and Baltica about 600 to 450 million years ago
Turgai Sea – Large shallow body of salt water of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras
Ural Ocean – Small, ancient ocean between Siberia and Baltica
Valais Ocean – Subducted ocean basin. Remnants found in the Alps in the North Penninic nappes.
Western Interior Seaway – Large prehistoric inland sea that split the continent of North America

Superoceans

Superocean – Ocean that surrounds a supercontinent

Mirovia – Hypothesized superocean surrounding the supercontinent Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic Era
Pan-African Ocean – Hypothesized paleo-ocean whose closure created the supercontinent of Pannotia
Panthalassa – Prehistoric superocean that surrounded Pangaea

Orogenies

Orogeny – The formation of mountain ranges

List of orogenies – Known mountain building events of the Earth’s history
Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains
Fold mountains – Mountains formed by compressive crumpling of the layers of rock
Algoman orogeny – Late Archaean episode of mountain building in what is now North America

Rifts

Rift – Geological linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart

Mid-ocean ridge – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
Saint Lawrence rift system – Seismically active zone paralleling the Saint Lawrence River

Active rifts

Propagating rift – Seafloor feature associated with spreading centers at mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins

Continental rifts

East African Rift – Active continental rift zone in East Africa
Laptev Sea Rift – Divergent tectonic plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate
Afar Triangle – Geological depression caused by the Afar Triple Junction

Oceanic ridges

Aden Ridge – Part of an active oblique rift system in the Gulf of Aden, between Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula
Cocos Ridge
Explorer Ridge – Mid-ocean ridge west of British Columbia, Canada
Gorda Ridge – Tectonic spreading center off the northern coast of California and southern Oregon
Juan de Fuca Ridge – Divergent plate boundary off the coast of the Pacific Northwest region of North America
South American–Antarctic Ridge – Mid-ocean ridge in the South Atlantic between the South American Plate and the Antarctic Plate
Chile Rise
East Pacific Rise – A mid-oceanic ridge at a divergent tectonic plate boundary on the floor of the Pacific Ocean
East Scotia Ridge
Gakkel Ridge – Mid-oceanic ridge under the Arctic Ocean between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate(Mid-Arctic Ridge)
Nazca Ridge – Submarine ridge off the coast of Peru
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge – Tectonic plate boundary in the South Pacific Ocean
Central Indian Ridge – A north-south-trending mid-ocean ridge in the western Indian Ocean
- Carlsberg Ridge – Tectonic plate ridge
Southeast Indian Ridge – Mid-ocean ridge in the southern Indian Ocean
Southwest Indian Ridge – A mid-ocean ridge on the bed of the south-west Indian Ocean and south-east Atlantic Ocean
Mid-Atlantic Ridge – Atlantic Ocean tectonic plate boundary
- Kolbeinsey Ridge (North of Iceland)
- Mohns Ridge
- Knipovich Ridge (between Greenland and Spitsbergen)
- Reykjanes Ridge (South of Iceland)

Aulacogens

Aulacogen – Failed arm of a triple junction, an inactive rift zone

Adelaide Rift Complex
Alpha Ridge – Major volcanic ridge under the Arctic Ocean
Aegir Ridge – Extinct mid-ocean ridge in the far-northern Atlantic Ocean
Anza trough – Rift in Kenya that was formed in the Jurassic Period
Bahr el Arab rift – Major geological feature in the southwest Sudan
Benue Trough – Major geological structure underlying a large part of Nigeria
Central Lowlands – Geologically defined area of relatively low-lying land in southern Scotland
Eastern North America Rift Basins – Series of sediment-filled aborted rifts created by large-scale continental extension
Fundy Basin – Sediment-filled rift basin on the Atlantic coast of southeastern Canada
Gulf of Suez Rift – Continental rift zone that was active between the Late Oligocene and the end of the Miocene
Gulf St Vincent – A large inlet of water on the southern coast of South Australia between the Yorke Peninsula and the Fleurieu Peninsula
Kula-Farallon Ridge – Ancient mid-ocean ridge
Melut Basin – Rift basin in South Sudan
Midcontinent Rift System – Geological rift in the center of the North American continent
Mississippi embayment – Low-lying basin filled with Cretaceous to recent sediments
Muglad Basin – Large rift basin in southern Sudan and South Sudan
Narmada River – River of central India in a rift valley
New Madrid Seismic Zone – Major seismic zone in the southern and midwestern United States
Newark Basin – Sediment-filled rift basin in northern New Jersey, south-eastern Pennsylvania and southern New York
Nipigon Embayment – Inactive continental rift zone in Northwestern Ontario, Canada
Oslo Graben – Inactive Permian geological rift in Norway
Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben – Rift valley extending from near Montréal through Ottawa in Canada
Pacific-Farallon Ridge – Spreading ridge during the Late Cretaceous
Pacific-Kula Ridge – Mid-ocean ridge between the Pacific and Kula plates in the Pacific Ocean during the Paleogene period
Phoenix Ridge
Saguenay Graben – Rift valley in the geological Grenville Province of southern Quebec, Canada
Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen – Failed rift in the western and southern US of the triple junction that became the Iapetus Ocean
Spencer Gulf – Large inlet in South Australia between the Eyre Peninsula and the Yorke Peninsula
Timiskaming Graben – Northwesterly extension of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben
Wichita Mountains – Mountains in the US state Oklahoma

Subduction zones

Subduction zone – A geological process at convergent tectonic plate boundaries where one plate moves under the other

Middle America Trench – Subduction zone in the eastern Pacific off the southwestern coast of Middle America

Suture zones

Suture (geology) – Joining together of separate terranes along a major fault zone

Great Falls Tectonic Zone – Major intracontinental shear zone between the Hearne craton and Wyoming craton
Huincul Fault – East-west oriented continental-scale fault that extends from the Neuquén Basin eastwards into the Argentine Shelf
Iapetus Suture – One of several major geological faults caused by the collision of several ancient land masses forming a suture
Indus-Yarlung suture zone – Tectonic suture in southern Tibet and across the north margin of the Himalayas where the Indian and Eurasian plates meet
Jormua Ophiolite – Remnant of ancient oceanic lithosphere near Jormua, Finland
Magallanes-Fagnano Fault – Continental transform fault between the Scotia Plate and the South American Plate
Morais ophiolite complex – Metamorphic complex of oceanic and continental crust terranes in Portugal
Periadriatic Seam – The border between the Adriatic and European plates
Pieniny Klippen Belt – Zone in the Western Carpathians, with a very complex geological structure
Trans-European Suture Zone – Boundary between the East European Craton and the orogens of South-Western Europe
Vulcan structure – Convergent tectonic boundary between the Medicine Hat and Loverna Blocks in North America

Tectonic plates

Tectonic plate – Continuous section of the lithosphere of the Earth which is moving relative to adjacent plates

List of tectonic plates – List of the relatively moving sections of the lithosphere of Earth
African Plate – A major tectonic plate underlying Africa west of the East African Rift
Anatolian Plate – Continental tectonic plate comprising most of the Anatolia (Asia Minor) peninsula
Antarctic Plate – Tectonic plate containing Antarctica and the surrounding ocean floor
Arabian Plate – Minor tectonic plate
Burma Plate – Minor tectonic plate in Southeast Asia
Cocos Plate – Young oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America
Eurasian Plate – Tectonic plate which includes most of the continent of Eurasia
Explorer Plate – Oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada
Farallon Plate – Ancient oceanic plate that has mostly subducted under the North American Plate
Gorda Plate – One of the northern remnants of the Farallon Plate
Indian Plate – A minor tectonic plate that got separated from Gondwana
Juan de Fuca Plate – Tectonic plate in the eastern North Pacific
Halmahera Plate – Small tectonic plate in the Molucca Sea
Indo-Australian Plate – A major tectonic plate formed by the fusion of the Indian and Australian plates
Pacific Plate – Oceanic tectonic plate under the Pacific Ocean
Molucca Sea Plate – Small fully subducted tectonic plate near Indonesia
Nazca Plate – Oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin
North American Plate – Large tectonic plate including most of North America, Greenland and part of Siberia
Philippine Sea Plate – Oceanic tectonic plate to the east of the Philippines
South American Plate – Major tectonic plate which includes most of South America and a large part of the south Atlantic
Sunda Plate – A minor tectonic plate including most of Southeast Asia

Terranes

Terrane – Fragment of crust formed on one tectonic plate and accreted to another

Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane – Terrane that includes parts of Alaska, Siberia and the continental shelf between them
Arequipa-Antofalla – South American geology
Armorican Massif – Geologic massif that covers a large area in the northwest of France
Armorican terrane – Microcontinent or group of continental fragments rifted away from Gondwana
Avalonia – Microcontinent in the Paleozoic era named for the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland
Briançonnais zone – Piece of continental crust in the Penninic nappes of the Alps
Bronson Hill Arc – Bimodal volcanic arc and associated Ordovician sediments
Buffalo Head Terrane – Terrane in the western Canadian Shield in northern Alberta
Cache Creek Terrane – Geologic terrane in British Columbia and southern Yukon, Canada
Carolina terrane – Exotic terrane from central Georgia to central Virginia in the United States
Cassiar Terrane – Cretaceous terrane located in the Northern Interior of British Columbia and southern Yukon
Chilenia – Ancient microcontinent, containing central Chile and western Argentina
Chiloé Block – Ancient microcontinent or terrane that collided with the South American Plate during the Proterozoic
Cuyania – Ancient microcontinent now part of Argentina
Cymru Terrane – Inferred fault bounded terrane of the basement rocks of the southern United Kingdom
Florida Platform – Flat geological feature with the emergent portion forming the Florida peninsula
Franciscan Assemblage
Ganderia – Terrane in the northern Appalachians which broke off the supercontinent Gondwana
Gascoyne Complex – Terrane of Proterozoic granite and metamorphic rock in Western Australia
Great Lakes tectonic zone
Great Valley Sequence – Group of late Mesozoic formations in the Cental Valley of California
Hebridean Terrane – Part of the Caledonian orogenic belt in northwest Scotland
Hottah terrane – Paleoproterozoic terrane in the northwestern end of the Canadian Shield
Irumide Belt – Mesoproterozoic terrane on the southern margin of the Bangweulu Block in Zambia
Ivrea zone – Tectonic terrane in the Italian Alps
Lhasa terrane – Fragment of crustal material, sutured to the Eurasian Plate during the Cretaceous that forms present-day southern Tibet
Madre de Dios Terrane – Distinct fragment of Earth’s crust in southwestern Patagonia
Meguma terrane – Terrane exposed in southern Nova Scotia
Narooma Terrane – Geological structural region on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia
Narryer Gneiss Terrane – Geological complex of ancient rocks in Western Australia
Omineca Arc – Volcanic arc terrane in western North America
Pampia – Ancient microcontinent or terrane
Pelso Plate – Small tectonic unit in the Pannonian Basin in Europe
Salinian Block – Terrane west of the main trace of the San Andreas Fault system in California
Shan–Thai Terrane – Mass of continental crust extending from Tibet into Southeast Asia
Slide Mountain Terrane – Late Paleozoic terrane in British Columbia, Canada
Smartville Block – Volcanic arc accreted onto the North American Plate
Sonoma Volcanics – Geologic formation of volcanic origin in California
Sonomia Terrane – Crustal block accreted onto the North American Plate in Northwest Nevada
Spavinaw terrane – Intrusive and volcanic rocks in the mid-continent region of the United States
Stikinia – Terrane in British Columbia, Canada
Tuareg Shield – Geological formation between the West African craton and the Saharan Metacraton in West Africa
Western Gneiss Region – Large geological unit in Norway, part of the Baltic shield
Wrangellia Terrane – Geological area in northwestern North America
Wrekin Terrane – Inferred basement rock terrane of the southern United Kingdom
Yakutat Block – Terrane in the process of accreting to the North American continent along the south central coast of Alaska
Yukon–Tanana Terrane – Largest tectonostratigraphic terrane in the northern North American Cordillera

Triple junctions

Triple junction – Meeting point of three tectonic plates

Aden-Owen-Carlsberg Triple Junction – The junction of three tectonic plate boundaries in the northwest Indian Ocean
Afar Triple Junction – Place where three tectonic rifts meet in East Africa
Azores Triple Junction – Tectonic plates intersection
Banda Sea Triple Junction – Point where three tectonic plates meet
Boso Triple Junction – The meeting point of the Okhotsk Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Philippine Sea Plate
Bouvet Triple Junction – Meeting point of three tectonic plates
Chile Triple Junction – Place where the South American, Nazca and Antarctic tectonic plates meet
Fifteen-Twenty Fracture Zone – Fracture zone on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Mount Fuji – Volcano in Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures, Japan
Galapagos Triple Junction – Place where the boundaries of the Cocos Plate, the Nazca Plate, and the Pacific Plate meet
Iapetus Suture – One of several major geological faults caused by the collision of several ancient land masses forming a suture
Kamchatka-Aleutian Triple Junction – Place where the Pacific Plate, the Okhotsk Plate, and the North American Plate meet
Karlıova Triple Junction – Place where the Anatolian Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the Arabian Plate meet
Macquarie Triple Junction – Place where the Indo-Australian Plate, Pacific Plate, and Antarctic Plate meet
Mendocino Triple Junction – Point where the Gorda plate, the North American plate, and the Pacific plate meet
Queen Charlotte Triple Junction – Point where the Pacific Plate, the North American Plate, and the Explorer Plate meet
Rivera Triple Junction – Place where the North American Plate, the Rivera Plate, and the Pacific Plate meet
Rodrigues Triple Junction – Place where the African Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, and the Antarctic Plate meet
Tongareva triple junction – Defunct triple junction of the Pacific Plate, the Farallon Plate, and the Phoenix Plate

Other plate tectonics topics

Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics – Organization that advances Earth science
Paleoclimatology – Study of changes in ancient climate
Paleomap – Map of continents and mountain ranges in the past based on plate reconstructions
Plate reconstruction – Process of reconstructing the positions of tectonic plates in the geological past
Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) – Chronological listing of significant events in the history of tectonophysics
Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (before 1954) – Chronological listing of significant events in the history of tectonophysics
Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis – First key scientific test of the seafloor spreading theory of continental drift and plate tectonics
Eclogitization – The tectonic process in which the dense, high-pressure, metamorphic rock, eclogite, is formed

Specific areas

Alpine Fault – Right-lateral strike-slip fault, that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand’s South Island.
Benham Rise, also known as Benham Plateau – Extinct volcanic ridge in the Philippine Sea
Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain – Mostly-undersea mountain range in the Pacific Ocean that reaches above sea level in Hawaii.
Geology of the Alps – The formation and structure of the European Alps
Indian subcontinent – Physiographical region in South Asia
Mariana Trench – Deepest oceanic trench on Earth
Mid-Atlantic Ridge – Atlantic Ocean tectonic plate boundary
Mohorovičić discontinuity – Boundary between the Earth’s crust and the mantle
Molucca Sea Collision Zone – Region of complex tectonic activity in Indonesia
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge – Tectonic plate boundary in the South Pacific Ocean
Philippine Mobile Belt – Tectonic boundary
Ring of Fire – Region around the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur
San Andreas Fault – Geologic fault in California and Mexico
Tethys Ocean, also known as Tethys Sea – Mesozoic ocean between Gondwana and Laurasia

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Eon	Time (mya)	Description
Hadean	4,540–4,000	The Earth is formed out of debris around the solar protoplanetary disk. There is no life. Temperatures are extremely hot, with frequent volcanic activity and hellish-looking environments (hence the eon’s name, which comes from Hades). The atmosphere is nebular. Possible early oceans or bodies of liquid water. The Moon is formed around this time probably due to a protoplanet’s collision into Earth.
Archean	4,000–2,500	Prokaryote life, the first form of life, emerges at the very beginning of this eon, in a process known as abiogenesis. The continents of Ur, Vaalbara and Kenorland may have existed around this time. The atmosphere is composed of volcanic and greenhouse gases.
Proterozoic	2,500–538.8	The name of this eon means “early life”. Eukaryotes, a more complex form of life, emerge, including some forms of multicellular organisms. Bacteria begin producing oxygen, shaping the third and current of Earth’s atmospheres. Plants, later animals and possibly earlier forms of fungi form around this time. The early and late phases of this eon may have undergone “Snowball Earth” periods, in which all of the planet suffered below-zero temperatures. The early continents of Columbia, Rodinia and Pannotia, in that order, may have existed in this eon.
Phanerozoic	538.8–present	Complex life, including vertebrates, begin to dominate the Earth’s ocean in a process known as the Cambrian explosion. Pangaea forms and later dissolves into Laurasia and Gondwana, which in turn dissolve into the current continents. Gradually, life expands to land and familiar forms of plants, animals and fungi begin appearing, including annelids, insects and reptiles, hence the eon’s name, which means “visible life”. Several mass extinctions occur, among which birds, the descendants of non-avian dinosaurs, and more recently mammals emerge. Modern animals—including humans—evolve at the most recent phases of this eon.

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Supercontinents throughout geologic history

The following table names reconstructed ancient supercontinents, using Bradley’s 2011 looser definition,^[7] with an approximate timescale of millions of years ago (Ma).

Supercontinent name	Age (Ma)	Period/Era Range	Comment
Vaalbara	3,636–2,803	Eoarchean-Mesoarchean	Also described as a supercraton or just a continent^[8]
Ur	2,803–2,408	Mesoarchean-Siderian	Described as both a continent^[2] and a supercontinent^[9]
Kenorland	2,720–2,114	Neoarchean-Rhyacian	Alternatively the continents may have formed into two groupings Superia and Sclavia^[10]^[4]
Arctica	2,114–1,995	Rhyacian-Orosirian	Not generally regarded as a supercontinent, depending on definition^[2]
Atlantica	1,991–1,124	Orosirian-Stenian	Not generally regarded as a supercontinent, depending on definition^[2]
Columbia (Nuna)	1,820–1,350	Orosirian-Ectasian	^[10]
Rodinia	1,130–750	Stenian-Tonian	^[10]
Pannotia	633–573	Ediacaran	^[10]
Gondwana	550–175	Ediacaran-Jurassic	From the Carboniferous, formed part of Pangaea,^[4] not always regarded as a supercontinent^[11]
Pangaea	336–175	Carboniferous-Jurassic

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List of modern island arcs

Island arc	Country	Trench	Basin or marginal sea	Overriding Plate	Subducting plate
Aleutian Islands	United States	Aleutian Trench	Bering Sea	North American Plate	Pacific Plate
Kuril Islands	Russia	Kuril–Kamchatka Trench	Sea of Okhotsk	North American Plate	Pacific Plate
Japanese Archipelago	Japan	Japan Trench、Nankai Trough	Sea of Japan	North American Plate, Eurasian Plate	Pacific Plate, Philippine Sea Plate
Ryukyu Islands	Japan	Ryukyu Trench	East China Sea (Okinawa Trough)	Eurasian Plate	Philippine Sea Plate
Philippine Islands	Philippines	Philippine Trench	South China Sea, Celebes Sea	Eurasian Plate	Philippine Sea Plate
Sunda Arc	Indonesia	Java Trench	Java Sea, Flores Sea	Eurasian Plate	Australian Plate
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	India	Northern Java Trench	Andaman Sea	Eurasian Plate	Indo-Australian Plate
Izu Islands and Bonin Islands (Ogasawara Islands)	Japan	Izu–Ogasawara Trench		Philippine Sea Plate	Pacific Plate
Mariana Islands	United States	Mariana Trench		Philippine Sea Plate	Pacific Plate
Bismarck Archipelago	Papua New Guinea	New Britain Trench		Pacific Plate	Australian Plate
Solomon Islands (archipelago)	Solomon Islands	San Cristobal Trench		Pacific Plate	Australian Plate
New Hebrides	Vanuatu	New Hebrides Trench		Pacific Plate	Australian Plate
Tonga islands	Tonga	Tonga Trench		Australian Plate	Pacific Plate
Antilles		Puerto Rico Trench	Caribbean	Caribbean Plate	North American Plate, South American Plate
South Sandwich Islands	British Overseas Territory	South Sandwich Trench	Scotia Sea	Scotia Plate	South American Plate
Aegean or Hellenic arc	Greece	Eastern Mediterranean Trench	Aegean Sea	Aegean Sea Plate or Hellenic Plate	African Plate

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As you can see from the information on this page; with the many links to various other pages of studies, there have been Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tsunamis through out the thousands of years of humanity and well beyond, into the millions and billions of years. The only difference in the future will be: this Time Period has been predicted by the Spirit of God to occur on during a certain period of 3 1/2 years known as the Great Tribulation Period, which will be mostly the 7 Trumpets of the Book of Revelation and for the most part; during about a 45 day time span at the very end of this cycle, known as the Wrath of GOD, which will be the 7 Vials from the Book of Revelation.

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Kind Regards to all the Viewers of this website and Take Care Everyone.

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www.BibleSermonsMP3.org

May 17, 2022: I am in the process of renaming and removing some of the clutter on most of the pages on all of my websites. I have changed Hosting Services several times, so some of the Links from the Internet to some pages are no longer working. I have renamed and deleted pages, so their Links that are still throughout the Internet are not current either, but most will redirect to the home page. I have likewise upgraded to a Dedicated Server, so I can accomplish this tack more efficiently, as the pages will load quicker during my working on them, as well as to you the viewer. This project is this for viewers like you, with the intentions of being a helpful ministry to anyone who might have the opportunity to find this website. Hopefully, it will improve the readability of the pages and the overall scope of the site. Even though there are currently over 700 pages on most of the websites, the Search Engines only list a very few on the Internet.
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My websites with the number of pages on each one.
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01. https://www.biblesermonsmp3.org/ 804 pages.
02. https://www.biblesermonsmp3.com/ 778 pages.
03. https://www.tribulation101.com/ 300 pages.
04. https://www.kensbibleclass.com/ 762 pages.
05. https://www.bibleclass123.com/ 782 pages.
06. https://www.biblesermons123.com/ 780 pages
07. https://www.tribulationvideos.com/ 761 pages.
08. https://www.tribulationperiod1.com/ 778 pages.
09. https://www.tribulationperiod12.com/ 778 pages.
10. https://www.tribulationperiod123.com/ 765 pages.
11. https://www.tribulationperiod101.com/ 778 pages.